Huvo ya ririmi ra Xitsonga
Huvo ya ririmi ra Xitsonga (Xitsonga language board), i huvo leyi a yi rhangela no kongomisa vutsari na tidyondzo ta ririmi ra Xitsonga kusukela hi lembe ra 1938 kuya eka lembe ra 1994.[1] Hi lembe ra 1995, huvo leyi ku hlanganisa na tihuvo ta tindzimi tin'wana ta tiko, ti hangalasiwile naswona ku simekiwa Huvo yo Angarhela ya Tindzimi ta Afrika-Dzonga (HATAD) hileswaku Pan South African Language Board (PANSALB) hi Xinghezi.[2] Ntirho wa huvo leyi a ku ri ku kongomisa na ku langutela tindlela leti ririmi ra Xitsonga ri tirhisiwaka hi ximfumo, ngopfungopfu eka ku tsala na ku kandziyisa matsalwa na tibuku ku hlanganisa na vuhundzuluxeri. Ku ve na swivilelo swo hlaya mayelana na vuswikoti bya ku fikelela tipakani leti huvo yi tivekeleke tona.[1]
Matimu ya vulanguteri bya ririmi ra Xitsonga
[Lulamisa | edit source]1875 - 1938: Varhumiwa va kereke ya Swisa
[Lulamisa | edit source]Varhumiwa va kereke ya Swisa va hoxe xandla eka matshalatshala yo aka no simeka matsalele ya ririmi ra Xitsonga. Varhumiwa lava va simekile mapeletele ya Xitsonga va thlela va tsala tibuku ta swiletelo leti tirhisiweke ku dyondzisa eswikolweni swa vurhumiwa. Vafundhisi Berthoud na Creux, va fikile va tshama exikarhi ka rixaka ra Vatsonga eka lembe ra 1873 naswona va hundzuluxile Bibele na tinsimu ta vukhongeri eka ririmi ra Xitsonga va ri karhi va pfuniwa hi wanuna wa Muchangana loyi a a tiviwa hi ra Zambiki, loyi a a vulavula Xitsonga xa Xinkuna.
Buku yo sungula ku kandziyisiwa hi ririmi ra Xitsonga ku ve Buku ya Tšikwembo tšinwe ni Tisimo ta Hlengeletano (1883), ivi ku landzela tin'wana tibuku ta vukhongeri. Varhumiwa va tikarhatile ku aka ririmi ra Xitsonga leswaku ri va ririmi leri tsariwaka, naswona va xopaxope xivumbeko xa ririmi kuya hi mavulavulelo na mapeletelo ya kona. Varhumiwa va tsarile no tirhisa tibuku leti landzelaka ku letela tidyondzo hi ririmi ra Xitsonga:
- Elementary grammar of the Thonga/Shangaan language - yi tsariwe no kandziyisiwa hi H.A. Junod hi lembe ra 1907.
- Shangaan grammar - yi tsariwe no kandziyisiwa hi H. Berthoud hi lembe ra 1908.
- Vuvulavuri bya Xitsonga yi nga milawu ya mavulavulele ya Xitsonga - yi tsariwe no kandziyisiwa hi H.A. Junod hi lembe ra 1929.
Hakunene, vuleteri na tidyondzo ta Vatsonga a ti kongomisiwa hi varhumiwa kufikela eka lembe ra 1938 loko ku ta simekiwa huvo ya ririmi ra Xitsonga ehansi ka ndzawulo ya dyondzo ya Transvaal.
1938 - 1955: Huvo ya ririmi ra Xitsonga
[Lulamisa | edit source]1955 - 1977: Komiti ya ririmi ra Xitsonga
[Lulamisa | edit source]1978 - 1994: Huvo ya ririmi ra Xitsonga
[Lulamisa | edit source]1994 - Sweswi: Huvo ya Rixaka ya Ririmi ra Xitsonga (Huririxi) xi nga xiakiwa xa Huvo yo Angarhela ya Tindzimi ta Afrika-Dzonga (Hatad)
[Lulamisa | edit source]Mitshaho
[Lulamisa | edit source]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Masunga, Sarah Hlekani (14 Dec 2007). Language management in South Africa : a case study of the Xitsonga Language Board. University of Pretoria. pp. 37 – 74.
- ↑ "Board Notice 45 of 2001: Xitsonga Language Body" (March 2011) - Government Gazette- No. 22093, page 83. Retrieved 05 April 2019