Winnie Madikizela-Mandela
| Winnie Madikizela-Mandela | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
  Madikizela-Mandela hi lembe ra 1996 | |||||||||
1994 - 2003
2009 - 2018
Mudyaxihi 6, 2009 - Mudyaxihi 6, 2014
Mudyaxihi 21, 2014 - Dzivamusoko 2, 2018 | |||||||||
| Vutomi | |||||||||
| Vito |
Mamao Dineo Maledi | ||||||||
| Ndzhawu yovelekiwa |
Bizana (en)  , Ndzhati 26, 1936 | ||||||||
| Tiko ra vutshami |
Afrika-Dzonga | ||||||||
| Ndzhawu yolova |
Joni , Dzivamusoko 2, 2018 | ||||||||
| Muxaka warifu |
natural causes (en) (Mukhuhlwana ) | ||||||||
| Ndyangu | |||||||||
| Nghamu |
Nelson Mandela (Khotavuxika 14, 1958 - Nyenyankulu 19, 1996) | ||||||||
| N'wana/Vana |
paluxa
| ||||||||
| Education | |||||||||
| Uleteriwe e |
Yunivhesithi ya Afrika Dzonga Yunivhesithi ya Vhetsi | ||||||||
| Tindzimi leti a a titiva, kutsala na kuvulavula |
Xinghezi | ||||||||
| Ntirho | |||||||||
| Ntirho |
N'wa politiki | ||||||||
| Ndzhawu ya ntirho |
Soweto (en) | ||||||||
| Masagwati lama kumiweke |
see
| ||||||||
| Ativiwa hira |
Mam' Winnie | ||||||||
| Vupfumeri | |||||||||
| Vukhongeri |
Methodism (en) | ||||||||
| Xirho xa nhlangano wa politiki |
African National Congress (en) | ||||||||
| IMDb |
nm0541692 | ||||||||
Winnie Madikizela-Mandela, OLS (Vito ro tswariwa Nomzamo Winifred Zanyiwe Madikizela; 26 Ndhzati 1936[1] – 2 Dzivamisoko 2018), athlela a tiviwa tanihi Winnie Mandela, akuri mulweri wantshuxeko wale Afrika Dzonga, athlela ava khlale ka nsati wa Nelson Mandela. Utirhelile tanihi xirho xa phalamendhe ya tiko kusikela hi lembe ra 1994 kuya eka 2003,[2] naswona kusukela hi lembe ra 2009 kufikela loko a lova,[3] athlela ava xandla ya murhangeri wa ndawulo kusukela hi lembe ra 1994 kuya eka 1996. Tani hi xirho xa vandla ra swatipolitiki ra African National Congress (ANC), uthlele a tirha eka huvo-nkulu ya vandla naswona a thlela a rhangela rhavi ra vandla ra vamanana. Madikizela-Mandela uthlela ativiwa hivalandzeri vakwe tani hi "Mhani wa rixaka".[4]
Winnie utswariwe ekaya ramaMpondo[5] eBizana, naswona a a dyondzele tidyondzo ta nhlayiso ya vanhu (social worker), athlela a tekana na mulwela-ntshuxeko wa nkarhi wa xihlawu-hlawu Nelson Mandela e Joni hi 1958; ava tekanile kwalomu ka 38 wa malembe naswona avakatekisiwe hi vana vambirhi. Hi lembe ra 1963, loko Mandela atava a khotsiwile endzhaku ka huvo ya Rivonia; uvile nhlonge yale rivaleni eka malembe ya 27 laha Nelson Mandela a a khotsiwile e xihlaleni xa Robben. Eka nkarhi wolowo, Winnie u thlandlukile eka vurhangeri bya mintlawa ya valweri va ntshuxeko. Ukhotsiwile hi mfumo wa xihlawu-hlawu eka makhambi yo hlaya, athlela a xanisiwa minkarhi yohlaya[6] kuhlanganisa na ku thlakisiwa ayisiwa etikweni-xikaya ra Bramford.
Eka malembe yava 1980, Winnie ulumbetiwe hi kufuma hi kuchavisa naswona ari muluthanyi wa mandzolonga[7] e Soweto, leswi landzeriweke hiku bakanyiwa hi minhlangano ya vulwela-ntshuxeko, athlela a tshinyiwa hi nhlangano wakwe wa ANC. Huvo ya ntiyiso na ndzivalelwano (TRC) leyi simekiweke hi nuna wakwe yibohe leswaku a a kumeka hlanganisiwa eka mpfilu-mpfilu wo xanaisa vanhu leyi a yi rhangeirwa hi xipanu xa mintlangu ya bholo ya "Mandela United Football Club", lexi a xin'wisirhelela.[8] Winnie u henhliwe hi ku pfumelela kuvutliwa; xanisiwa na kuhisiwa ka vanhu lava ava hehliwa kuva vatirheli va mfumo wa xihlawu-hlawu[9][10] eka vanhu lava kuhlanganisiwa na Stompie Sepei, n'wana loyi a a ri na malembe ya 14[11][12]
Nelson Mandela na Winnie Mandela va hambanile hi lembe ra 1992, naswona vadlaya vukati hiximfumo hi lembe ra 1996 eka nwheti ya Nyenyankulu. Winnie uvhakele khale ka nuna wakwe eka vuvabyi bya kwe bya makumu.
Mintshaho[Lulamisa | edit source]
- ↑ Winnie Mandela. nndb.com
- ↑ Butcher, Tim (25 April 2003). "Winnie Mandela given five-year jail sentence" – via www.telegraph.co.uk.
- ↑ "Jacob Zuma set for presidency". www.brandsouthafrica.com. 7 May 2009. Archived from the original on 4 April 2018. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
- ↑ "From 'Mother of the Nation' to 'mugger': The turbulent life of South Africa's Winnie Mandela". 2 April 2018.
- ↑ http://www.702.co.za/articles/298087/winnie-was-born-mpondo-princess-from-an-important-eastern-cape-family
- ↑ Beresford, David; Vat, Dan van der (2 April 2018). "Winnie Madikizela-Mandela obituary". the Guardian.
- ↑ https://mg.co.za/article/2014-10-21-five-times-winnie-mandela-let-us-down
- ↑ "Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report, Volume Two, Chapter 6 (pp. 543–82): Special Investigation: Mandela United Football Club". 29 October 1998. Archived from the original on 4 November 2009. Retrieved 10 July 2010.
- ↑ https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/opinionista/2018-04-06-the-moral-problem-of-winnie-mandela/
- ↑ "Bodies exhumed in ANC 'murder' case linked to Winnie Mandela". independent.co.uk. 12 March 2013.
- ↑ Wet, Phillip De. "Bodies probably won't bury Winnie". mg.co.za.
- ↑ Malone, Andrew (27 April 2003). "Rough justice for Winnie's victims". the Guardian.
Mintshaho yale handle[Lulamisa | edit source]
- Winnie Mandela on IMDb
- Winnie Mandela (Character) on IMDb
- "Fall of Winnie Mandela Began Nearly 2 Years Ago; Erratic Behavior Preceded Recent Violence" Archived 2012-10-06 at the Wayback Machine., The Washington Post, 18 February 1989
- "Winnie Mandela on bank fraud charges", Telegraph, 15 October 2001
- "Mrs Mandela defies accusers" Archived 2005-03-13 at the Wayback Machine., Telegraph, 5 December 1997
- "Winnie Mandela 'had hand in boy's murder'" Archived 2004-11-21 at the Wayback Machine., Telegraph, 9 December 1997
- "Special Investigation into the Mandela United Football Club" Archived 2010-08-15 at the Wayback Machine.
- The Lady: the life and times of Winnie Mandela by Emma Gilbey. London: Vintage, 1994. ISBN 0-09-938801-4
- NEC statement on Mandela Football Club, 19 February 1989
- "Winnie Madikizela-Mandela Biography Summary"
- "Winnie Mandela and the Moffies"
- Report on Winnie Mandela (dead link) on Japan Today News
- Can Winnie Mandela's Heroism Outshine her Crimes? by BBC News, 25 January 2010