Nelson Mandela

Nelson Mandela
	Mandela hi lembe ra 1994
Xirho xa Huvo ya rixaka
10. Murhangeri wa tiko ra Afrika Dzonga
19. Secretary General of the Non-Aligned Movement (en)
Vutomi
Vito	Rolihllahla Mandela
Ndzhawu yovelekiwa	Muganga wa Mvezo , Mawuwani 18, 1918
Tiko ra vutshami	Afrika-Dzonga
Kaya rakwe	Houghton Estate (en)
Ririmi rantumbuluko	Xhosa (en)
Ndzhawu yolova	Houghton Estate (en) , N'wendzamhala 5, 2013
	Qunu (en)
Muxaka warifu	(respiratory disease (en) )
Ndyangu
Tata wakwe	Gadla Henry Mphakanyiswa
Mana wakwe	Nosekeni Fanny
Nghamu	Evhelina Mase (Nhlangula 5, 1944 - Nyenyankulu 19, 1958); Winnie Madikizela-Mandela (Khotavuxika 14, 1958 - Nyenyankulu 19, 1996); Graca Mashele (Mawuwani 18, 1998 - N'wendzamhala 5, 2013)
N'wana/Vana	paluxa Makgatho Mandela (en) ; Makaziwe Mandela (en) ; Zenani Mandela-Dlamini (en) ; Thembekile Mandela (en) ; Zindzi Mandela (mul) ;
Xaka	view Ndileka Mandela (en) (granddaughter (en) ) ;
Education
Uleteriwe e	Yunivhesithi ya Vhetsi ; Yunivhesithi ya Afrika Dzonga Bachelor of Arts (en) ; Yunivhesithi ya Forthare ; University of London (en)
Tindzimi leti a a titiva, kutsala na kuvulavula	Xinghezi; Xhosa (en)
Ntirho
Ntirho	N'wa politiki, autobiographer (en) , lawyer (en) , political activist (en) , political prisoner (en) nakambe screenwriter (en)
	Vito ro tswariwa World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 1992 (en) ;
Ndzhawu ya ntirho	Afrika-Dzonga
Ntirho wakwe lowutivekaka	Long Walk to Freedom (en)
Masagwati lama kumiweke	see Jawaharlal Nehru Award for International Understanding : Indian Council for Cultural Relations (en) (1979) ; International Simón Bolívar Prize (1983) ; Ludovic-Trarieux International Human Rights Prize (1985) ; Sakharov Prize (1988) ; United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights (1988) ; Star of People's Friendship (1988) ; Order of Friendship (Khotavuxika 22, 1988) ; Order of Eduardo Mondlane, 1st class (Mawuwani 22, 1988) ; Grandmaster of the Order of Good Hope ; Lenin Peace Prize (1990) ; Order of Lenin (1990) ; honorary degree from Spelman College (1990) ; Félix Houphouët-Boigny Peace Prize (1991) ; honorary doctor of the University of Madrid Complutense (1991) ; Order of José Martí (1991) ; Princess of Asturias Award for International Cooperation (1992) ; honorary doctor of the Peking University (1992) ; Nobel Peace Prize (1993) ; Fulbright Prize (1993) ; Gold Olympic Order (1994) ; Grand Cross of the National Order of Mali ; Order of Augusto César Sandino ; Bruno Kreisky Award for Services to Human Rights ; honorary Canadian citizenship ; Philadelphia Liberty Medal ; Bharat Ratna ; Arthur Ashe Courage Award ; Al-Gaddafi International Prize for Human Rights ; Grand Collar of the Order of Prince Henry (Hukuri 20, 1995) ; honorary doctorate of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel (1993) ; Ahimsa Award (2006) ; Delta Prize for Global Understanding ; Order of Friendship ; Congressional Gold Medal ; Order of Merit (1995) ; Isitwalandwe Medal ; Order of the Companions of O. R. Tambo ; Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal ; Order of Stara Planina ; Nishan-e-Pakistan ; Order of Playa Girón ; Order of Jamaica ; Order of the Star of Ghana ; Order of the Smile ; Order of Agostinho Neto ; Grand Cross of the Order of Liberty ; honorary doctor of the Autonomous University of Barcelona ; honorary doctor of the University of Hong Kong ; honorary doctor of the University of Calcutta ; honorary doctor of the University of Pretoria ; honorary doctor of the Howard University ; Bailiff Grand Cross of the Order of Saint John ; Alan Paton Award (1995) : Long Walk to Freedom (en) ; Order of the Elephant (Nyenyenyani 18, 1996) ; Royal Order of the Seraphim (Nyenyankulu 3, 1997) ; Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of the White Rose of Finland (Mudyaxihi 7, 1997) ; Order of the Nile (1997) ; Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St. Olav‎ (1998) ; Honorary Companion of the Order of Canada (Ndzhati 24, 1998) ; Honorary doctor of Leiden University (1999) ; Collar of the Order of Isabella the Catholic‎ (1999) ; Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau (Nyenyankulu 10, 1999) ; Presidential Medal of Freedom (Mudyaxihi 5, 1999) ; Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise, 1st class (Mudyaxihi 5, 1999) ; Honorary Companion of the Order of Australia (Khotavuxika 14, 1999) ; Gandhi Peace Prize (2000) ; Four Freedoms Award – Freedom Medal (2002) ; Order of the Lion : Bakili Muluzi (mul) (2002) ; Platinum Order of Mapungubwe : Thabo Mbeki (N'wendzamhala 10, 2002) ; Order of Saint John (2004) ; Honorary Doctor at Karolinska Institutet (Mudyaxihi 13, 2005) ; Giuseppe Motta Medal (2006) ; Ambassador of Conscience Award (2006) ; Mo Ibrahim Prize for Achievement in African Leadership (2007) ; Grand Cross of the Order of the Aztec Eagle (Khotavuxika 11, 2010) ; honorary doctorate of the University of Las Palmas, Gran Canaria (2010) ; honorary citizen of Paris (2013) ; Honorary doctorate from the Sorbonne University Paris (Khotavuxika 10, 1996) ; honorary doctor of Paris 8 University (2005) ; Freedom of the London Borough of Greenwich (1983) ; Freedom of the Royal Borough of Greenwich (Nyenyankulu 13, 2012) ; World Rugby Hall of Fame (2015) ;
Ahlohloteriwa hi	Luis Taruc (en)
Xirho xa nhlangano wa	American Academy of Arts and Sciences (en)
Vupfumeri
Vukhongeri	Methodism (en)
Xirho xa nhlangano wa politiki	African National Congress (en) ; South African Communist Party (en)
IMDb	nm0541691
	nelsonmandela.org

Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (IPA: [xolíɬaɬa mandéːla]; loyi a tswariweke hi 18 Mawuwana 1918) i khale ka Peresidende wa Afrika-Dzonga, i wo sungula ku hlawuriwa eka nhlawulo wa xidemokhirasi lowu yimeleka vanhu hinkwavo. Loko a nga si hlawuriwa , Mandela a lwisana na mfumo wa xihlawuhlawu(apartheid) tanihi murhangeri wa African National Congress na vuthu ra nyimpi leri tiviweke hi ra Umkhonto we Sizwe. U hete 27 wa malembe ekhotsweni, yo tala ya wona eXihlaleni xa Robben, ehenhla ko voniwa milandzu leyi hlanganisaka ku kavanyeta matirhele ya mfumo wa xihlawuhlawu.

Exikarhi ka lava a va lwisana na mfumo wa xihlawuhlawu eAfrika-Dzonga na le misaveni hinkwayo, u vile mfungo wa ntshuxeko no ringana ka vanhu, hala tlhelo mfumo wa xihlawuhlawu na matiko lawa a ma wu seketela va n'wi voneke yena na ANC tanihi mukhomanisi na mutherorisi.

Endzhaku ko tshunxiwa ekhotsweni hi 11 Nyenyanyana 1990, ku cinca ka yena eku tirhiseni ndlela yo vuyelelana no burisana swi pfune ku hundzula Afrika-Dzonga leswaku yi va tiko ra tinxaka to hambanahambana. Ku sukela loko mfumo wa xihlawuhlawu wu herile, u bumabumeriwile ngopfu hi vanhu vo tala, ku hlanganisa na valala vakwe va nkarhi lowu hundzeke.

Mandela u amukele masagwadi lama tlulaka dzana endzeni ka makumemune wa malembe, leyi tivekaka ngopfu eka tona i mbuyelo wa kurhula wa Nobel (Nobel Peace Prize) hi lembe ra 1993. Enkarhini wa sweswi u tlangeriwa tanihi mufumi loyi a dyuhaleke loyi a ha riki na rito etimhakeni to tala. EAfrika-Dzonga u tiveka ngopfu hi ra Madiba, Vito ro hlawuleka leri nyikiwaka vakulu/tihosi ta rixaka ra va ka Mandela. Vito leri ri sungule ku tirhisiwa ngopfu ku vulavula hi Nelson Mandela.

Mandela u kombe Mahatma Gandhi tanihi munhu loyi a veke na nhlohlotelo ngopfu evutonwini bya yena, hi ta Filosofi ya ku tirhisa kurhula no langutana na vuxanisi hi ndlela leyi xiximekaka.

Malembe ya vutomi yo vunthswa bya yena

Kutswariwa na rixaka

Mandela uvelekiwa eka ri xaka ra vaThembu leri (hintolovelo) fumeka e migangeni ya Transkayi e hansi ka Phurovinci ya Kapa e ka nhlangano wa Afrika Dzonga. U bebuleriwe eka muganga lowu tsonga wa Mvezo e xifundzeni xa Umtata, Nstindza wa Transkayi. Kokwa wa yena akuri Ngubengcuka (Loyi a lovekeka hi lembe ra 1832), Hosi-leyi fumaka ya vaThembu, lava eku heteleleni va hluriweke mfumo wa vukolonyi wa manghezi. Unwe wa majaha ya hosi, leyi a yi tiviwa hi ra Mandela, u ve kokwana wa Nelson, loyi a veke xihlovo xa Xivongo. Leswi a veke nwana wa hosi hi nsati wa le ximatsini wa rixaka ra vaka Ixhiba, Swi hluke swa rhavi ra yena a swi nga faneleki ku teka vuhosi bya vaThembu. Tata wa kwe, Gadla Henry Mphakanyiswa (1880–1928), hambiswiritano u vekiwile tani hi ndhuna ya ximutana xa Mvezo. Endzaku ko papalata mfumo wa vukolonyi, u tekeriwe mfumo naswona a rhurisiwa aya e Qunu na muti wakwe. Hambiswiritano, Gadla a a hari unwana wa vandla ra hosi, naswona u hoxe xandla eku vekiweni ka Jongintaba Dalindyebo e vuhosini bya vaThembu, loyi a nwi hakeleke hi ku teka Mandela ehansi ka timpapa takwe, endzaku ka rifu ra Gadla. Tata wa Mandela a a ri na vasati va mune, lava va nwi velekeleke vana va khume-nharhu(mjaha ya mune na tintombhi ta nkaye). Mandela u tswariwe hi nsati wa wa vunharhu wa Gadla ('Wa vunharhu' hi kuya hi mpimo wa rixaka ra vuhosi), Nosekeni Fanny, nwana wa nhwana wa Nkedama loyi a a ri wa vaMpemvu va rixaka ra ma Xhosa, Yindlu ya xinene, laha Mandela a kuleleke e ximutanini xa kona.^[2] Vito ro nyikiwa ra yena Rolihlahla ri vula leswaku "kukoka rhavi ra murhi", kumbe hi laha kutolovelekeke, "nwa-timholova".^[3]

Mintshaho

↑ Mandela 1996, pp. 16, 17
↑ Mandela, Nelson (2006). Mandela: The Authorized Portrait. ISBN 0-7407-5572-2. Archived from the original on 2012-01-06. Retrieved 2008-05-26.
↑ Mandela 1996, p. 7.

Commons

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Nelson Mandela

[1] Mandela 1996, pp. 16, 17

[port-2] Mandela, Nelson (2006). Mandela: The Authorized Portrait. ISBN 0-7407-5572-2. Archived from the original on 2012-01-06. Retrieved 2008-05-26.

[3] Mandela 1996, p. 7.

[1]

[2]

[3]