Tiko
Hikuya hi nhlamuselo ya politiki, Tiko i ntlawa wa va aka tiko lowu hanyaka ehansi ka xiyimiso xa hulumendhe wun'we.[1] Matiko man'wana ma fumiwa hi mfumo lowu nga e tikweni rin'wana.[2][3] Vanhu votala va wela enhansi ka nawu wa tiko ro karhi, hambi leswi kungana vanhu lava vativonaka vanga ri hansi ka tiko. Eka malembe-xidzana ya vu 21, vanhu hinkwavo va wela eka mfumo wa tiko.
Xiyenge xa Mfumo (State System)
[Lulamisa | edit source]Matiko ya hlawuleka hi ndlela leyi hulumendhe ya wona yi hlayisaka nawu ni xiphemu xa vaaki. Matiko yo hambana-hambana ya tirhisa xiyenge xa mfumo ku fana na:
- Mfumo wa Riphabliki, laha mfumo wu endlaka matshalatshala yo lawula hi swiphemu swa hulumendhe yo kongoma.
- Mfumo wa Swikwembu kumbe hulumendhe ya xikaya, laha tiko ri fumaka hi nhlengeletano ya swifaniso swo hlawuleka swa ntumbuluko.
- Mfumo wa Nhlengeletano ya Matiko, laha matiko yo hlayanyana ma kongomisiwaka hi fomo ya xinakulobye.
Xiyimiso xa Matiko
[Lulamisa | edit source]Tiko rin'wana ni rin'wana ri tshama ri ri na: 1. Ntsindza wa Matlhari (ku lawuriwa hi hulumendhe) ku kombisa vulawuri bya mfumo. 2. Nawu wa Matiko ku katsa tindlela to lawula mfumo wa vanhu hinkwavo. 3. Vutshila bya Xiyimo: ku kombisa matirhelo lawa ya vekiwaka ekusuhi na ndhawu ni swiyenge swa misava.
Matirhelo ya Mfumo
[Lulamisa | edit source]Hikuva mfumo wu vumba muxaka wo hlayisa vutomi ni matirhelo ya vanhu, wu tlhela wu lawula ndzetelo wa le handle ku fana na swiphemu swa nhlangano. Hi laha ku nga hi Riphabliki ya Afrika Dzonga laha mfumo wu vumba xiphemu xa vuyimbeleri bya mafambiselo ya rixaka.
Vuxaka na Matiko Mambe
[Lulamisa | edit source]Matiko man'wana ma vumba vuxaka bya nhlangano wa matiko ku fambisa swilo swa nkulumo-hlangano yo tsokombela mintlhontlho. Leswi swi vumbiwile hi malembe-xidzana ya vu 20th century ku khathaleriwa tihuvo letikulu.
Vuswikoti bya Mfumo
[Lulamisa | edit source]Ku tiva mfumo wa tiko i swa nkoka hikuva swi katsa nawu lowu fumaka tiko hinkwaro ku tlula marito ya ntirho wa nkulumo hansi ka matirhelo ya mfumo. Mfumo wu tlhela wu katsa nseketelo wa bindzu ni ndzetelo wa le handle ku tumbuluxa nhluvuko.
Minthsaho
[Lulamisa | edit source]- ↑ Thompson, Della, ed. (1995). "state". Concise Oxford English Dictionary (9th ed.) (Oxford University Press). "3 (also State) a an organized political community under one government; a commonwealth; a nation. b such a community forming part of a federal republic, esp the United States of America"
- ↑ For example, the Vichy France (1940-1944) officially referred to itself as l'État français (the French state).
- ↑ anne (18 August 2014). "Anatomy of the State". mises.org.