Mhelembe
Mhelembe, ixiharhi xanhova lexi mamisaka naswona xitiveka hi rimhondzo rin’we kumbe timbirhi emahlweni ka nhompfu. Kuna tinxaka timbirhi ta timhelembe, naswona ti tumbuluka eAfrika, kasi tinharhu ti tumbuluka eDzongeni na le Dzonga-vuxa bya Asia.
Timhelembe ti tala kutika kutlula hafu ya thani loko ti kurile. Ti dya swakudya swa miroho, kasi byongo tona tika kwalomu ka 400–600 watigiremu. eka swihadyani leswi mamisaka swa vukulu bya swona, nhlonge yo sirhelela leyi vumbiweke swiphemu-phemu . Hi ntolovelo tidya miroho na matluka ya minsinya, hambi leswi vuswikoti bya tona byo virisa swakudya eka marhumbu ya tona yale ndzhaku byi pfumelelaka ku hanya hi mihandzu kumbe timintsu. Timhelembe ta Afrika ti tiveka hiku pfumala meno emahlweni ka milomu ya tona; ematshan’weni ya sweswo ti tirhisai milomu ya tona leswaku ti tshovela swakudya. [1]
Timhelembe ti dlayiwa hi vahloti lava nga riki enawini hikwalaho ka timhondzo ta tona, leti xaviwaka ti tlhela ti xavisiwa hi nxavo wa le henhla, leswi endlaka leswaku tiva ekhombyeni ro herisiwa. Makete wa manguva lawa wa timhondzo ta mhelembe wu fambisiwa ngopfu hi China na Vietnam, laha ti xaviwaka hi vaxavi lava fuweke leswaku exikarhi ka swin'wana, ti tirhisiwa eka mirhi ya xintu ya MaChayina. Timhondzo ta mhelembe ti endliwe hi keratin, ku nga nchumu lowu fanaka ni misisi ni minwala, naswona kuhava vumbhoni lebyinene bya leswaku tinga pfuna hi ta rihanyo. Ku tlhela ku va ni makete wa timhondzo ta timhelembe le Yemen, lowu a wu ri xihlovo lexikulu xa ku laviwa ka timhondzo hi malembe ya 1970 na 1980.
Migingiriko ya nhlayiso
[Lulamisa | edit source]Hi ku ya hi World Wide Fund for Nature, ku hlayisiwa ka timhelembe ta le Afrika tanihi leswi ti dyaka swimilana swo tala i swa nkoka eku hlayiseni ka xivumbeko xa ndhawu ya le Afrika na swicelwa swa ntumbuluko swa vanhu va ndzhawu.
Tindlela to sivela ku hlotiwa ka swiharhi hi ndlela yo biha
[Lulamisa | edit source]Ku susiwa ka timhondzo
[Lulamisa | edit source]Leswaku ku siveriwa ku hlotiwa ka timhelembe, etindhawini tin'wana, timhelembe ta titivatiwa naswona timhondzo ta tona ti susiwa. Vahlayisi va ntanga wa swiharhi lava hlomeke, ngopfu-ngopfu eAfrika Dzonga, va rhangela ku lwa ni ku hlota loku nga riki enawini, minkarhi yin'wana va dlaya vahloti lava nga riki enlawini lava khomiweke varikarhi vahlota hi nkarhi wolowo. Ku engeteleka ka ku dlayiwa ka timhelembe hi 2012 ku engetele ku vilela hi vumundzuku bya swiharhi leswii. Nkambisiso wa Sayense wa 2025 wu kume leswaku ku tsemiwa ka timhondzo swi hungute vuhloti hikwalomu ka 78%. [2]
Ku cheriwa chefu eka timhondzo
[Lulamisa | edit source]Hi lembe ra 2011, Phurojeki yo ponisa timhelembe yi sungurile endlelo ro chela chefu leyi hlayisekeke eka timhelembe kambe yi ri ni chefu eka vanhu. Endlelo leri ri tlhela ri katsa ku nghenisa ti-chip tinharhu ta RFID na ku teka tisampuli ta DNA.[3] Hikwalaho ka xivumbeko xa timhondzo ta mhelembe, dayi leyi nga ni chefu yi nghena endzeni ka timhondzo kambe a yi cinci muhlovo wa le henhla kumbe ku khumba mahanyelo ya mhelembe. Ku ya hi mpimo wa rimhondzo leti cheriweke chefu leti munhu a ti dyaka, vativi va kholwa leswaku swi nga vanga ku hlamba timbilu, ku pandza ka khwiri, ni nchuluko, naswona swi nga ha endleka ku va ni ku tshukatshuka. Hambileswu chefu yakona yii nge dlayiki - mhakankulu i kusivela vuhloti. Vaseketeri va vula leswaku dayi a yi nge susiwi eka timhondzo, naswona yi tshama yi ri karhi yi voniwa eka X-ray hambi loko timhondzo ti siriwile ti va mapa yo vevuka.[3]
Nhlangano wa le Nghilandhi lowu vuriwaka “Save the Rhino” wu sole ku tirhisiwa ka chefu eka timhondzo ta timhelembe hikwalaho ka swivangelo swa mahanyelo. Nhlangano lowu wu kaneta mavonelo ya leswaku endlelo ra ku chela chefu ri tirha hi laha a ri kunguhatiwile ha kona, ni leswaku hambi ku ri vaxavisi lava bindzulaka, lava nga riki enawini a va ta va ni nkhathalelo lowukulu eka vaxavi. Ku engetela kwalaho, tin’wana timhondzo ta timhelembe ti xaviwa leswaku ri tirhisiwa ku khavisa, ematshan'weni yo tirhisiwa eka vutshunguri bya xintu. Save the Rhino yi kanakana ku koteka ka ku tirhisa endlelo leri eka timhelembe hinkwato ta le Afrika, tanihi leswi vatirhi va faneleke ku tlhela va tirhisa chefu endzhaku ka malembe ya mune.[4] Ku tlhele ku vikiwa leswaku yin'we eka 150 ya timhelembe leti cheriweke chefu a ti pfuki endzhaku ko titivarisiwa.
Switirhisiwa emathsan’wini ya timhondzo ta timhelembe
[Lulamisa | edit source]Ndlela yin'wana yo tsongahata makete wa timhondzo ta mhelembe yi ringanyetiwile hi Matthew Markus wa Pembient, grounds feme ya biotechnology. U ringanyeta ku endliwa ka nchumu lowu nga riki wa ntumbuluko lowu nga sivaka timhondzo ta timhelembe. Ku endla leswaku valawuri va kota ku hambanisa rimhondzo leri endliweke. Tinhlamulo to sungula leti humaka eka vahlayisi vo tala a ti nga ri tinene, kambe xiviko xa 2016 lexi humaka eka TRAFFIC - lexi langutisaka bindzu ra swiharhi swa nhova na swiphemu swa swiharhi - xi pfumerile leswaku "... swi nga hatlisela ku herisa bindzu ra timhondzo ta timhelembe naswona swi hoxa xandla eka tindlela ta ku hlayisa ta nkarhi lowu taka".[5]
Tibuku leti tirhisiweke
[Lulamisa | edit source]- ↑ Macdonald, David W., ed. (1987). The encyclopaedia of mammals. An equinox book (Repr ed.). New York: Facts on File Publ. pp. 490–495. ISBN 978-0-87196-871-5.
- ↑ Kuiper, Timothy; Haussmann, Sharon; Whitfield, Steven; Polakow, Daniel; Dreyer, Cathy; Ferreira, Sam; Hofmeyr, Markus; Shaw, Jo; Bird, Jed; Bourn, Mark; Boyd, Wayne; Greeff, Zianca; Hartman, Zala; Lester, Kim; Nowak, Ian (2025-06-05). "Dehorning reduces rhino poaching". Science 388 (6751): 1075–1081. doi:10.1126/science.ado7490.
- 1 2 Cite error: Invalid
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